{"id":51120,"date":"2026-10-22T21:17:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T18:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a6\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T21:33:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T18:33:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 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\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/strong> \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0629: \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629.<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Hypertrophic scar).<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629 (Keloid).<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0646\u062f\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u063a.<\/strong> \u0623\u063a\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 (Dog ear).<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629.<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3:<\/strong> \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u061b \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6:<\/strong> \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18:<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 204 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d: 60% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 32% \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 (Mahdavian Delavary 2012). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/\">\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%b9\/\">\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/a>. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%81-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-piezo%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%81\/\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a:<\/strong> \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a. \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\">\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%8c-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%84\/\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88\/\">\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a> \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b4%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82-l-%d9%88t%d8%8c-%d8%b4%d9%81%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%87%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7\/\">\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630<\/a> \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 L \u0623\u0648 T.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 (Ogawa 2019).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646.<\/strong> \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0646\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5,547 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 (Ellis 2020). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0643: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644 (Monstrey 2014).<\/p>\n<h3>\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c (Ogawa 2019).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0640 20 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 873 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 (O&#8217;Brien 2013). \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 (Due 2007).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0629. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a 27 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 30 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a (Shin 2012). \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629.<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d (Ogawa 2019).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0640 12 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 475 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Wang 2024). \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%b1-fotona-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84\/\">\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 Fotona<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%82-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 0:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u0643. \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c. \u0627\u0645\u0634\u0650 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639. \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 6 \u0623\u0648 7:<\/strong> \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0628\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631. \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0646\u062f\u0628\u062a\u0643 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4:<\/strong> \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0641\u061b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 3:<\/strong> \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Ellis 2020).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629.<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631.<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong> \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0629)\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af\/\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/a>\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/strong> \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 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0772<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c <a href=\"mailto:info@mustafaaydinol.com\">info@mustafaaydinol.com<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 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\u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%84\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 (ISAPS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Mahdavian Delavary B, van der Veer WM, Ferreira JA, Niessen FB. Formation of hypertrophic scars: evolution and susceptibility. 204 patients after breast reduction or sternotomy; a hypertrophic scar developed in 60 percent within 12 months, 96 percent of them within 3 months; 32 percent still had one at 12 months; younger patients were more susceptible. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/2000656X.2012.669184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>O&#8217;Brien L, Jones DJ. Silicone gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cochrane review of 20 trials with 873 people; in people prone to scarring, silicone gel sheeting reduced hypertrophic scarring (risk ratio 0.46), but the trials were highly susceptible to bias and the evidence is weak. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003826.pub3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Monstrey S, Middelkoop E, Vranckx JJ, et al. Updated scar management practical guidelines: non-invasive and invasive measures. International group of 24 experts; reduce skin tension, tape, hydrate and protect early scars from ultraviolet light; silicone sheeting or gel as first-line prevention and treatment; surgical correction of permanent scars at a later stage. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.04.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Due E, Rossen K, Sorensen LT, et al. Effect of UV irradiation on cutaneous cicatrices: a randomized, controlled trial with clinical, skin reflectance, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluations. At 12 weeks, sun-exposed scars of wounds that healed without stitches were darker, scored higher for color and area, and were judged the most disfiguring. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2007. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-0154\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Shin TM, Bordeaux JS. The role of massage in scar management: a literature review. 10 publications, 144 patients; 45.7 percent improved overall, and 27 of 30 surgical scars improved; regimens varied and the evidence is weak. Dermatologic Surgery, 2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02201.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wang Z, Chen Y, Yang X, Pan B, Xie H, Bi H. Safety and effectiveness of laser or intense pulsed light treatment for early surgical scar: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 12 randomized trials, 475 patients; the laser groups did better than the controls in all studies, with minimal adverse reactions. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-023-03590-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ogawa R, Akita S, Akaishi S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: Japan Scar Workshop consensus document 2018. Asian and African patients are far more prone to keloids and hypertrophic scars than Caucasians; steroid injections improve symptoms rapidly but are painful; fixation tape and gel sheets reduce tension and promote maturation. Burns and Trauma, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41038-019-0175-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ellis MM, Jones LR, Siddiqui F, Sunkara PR, Ozog DM. The efficacy of surgical excision plus adjuvant multimodal therapies in the treatment of keloids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 60 articles, 5,547 keloids; recurrence 19 percent after surgery plus one additional treatment and 11.2 percent after surgery plus two or more (difference not significant). Dermatologic Surgery, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DSS.0000000000002362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":51121,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category---2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 | \u062f. 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