{"id":51195,"date":"2026-10-22T21:18:44","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T18:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%b9\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T21:32:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T18:32:18","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%a5%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%87-%d8%a8%d8%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 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\u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a 10 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 72 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Skouras 2020). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 0.5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627\u00bb (neuropraxia)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 10% \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Arianpour 2025). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.2% \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (Koroma 2026).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 0.1% \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 (Koroma 2026)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 (Rees 1984). \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0645.<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/strong> \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c<\/strong> \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.1% \u0645\u0646 11,300 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647 (Gupta 2016)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649.<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 10 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 72 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 (Skouras 2020).<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a3%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac\/\">\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%86%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%87%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%b9-%d9%86%d9%85\/\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0631<\/a>. \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 0:<\/strong> \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a. \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 3:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 7:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0646\u0632\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645 11,300 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 1.8%\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 (1.1%) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 (0.3%) (Gupta 2016). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 97 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064897 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a (Mandelbaum 2026).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648.<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u00ab\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a. \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a6\/\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c:<\/strong> \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mustafaaydinol.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af\/\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/strong> \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 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Skouras AG, Skoura EA. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. 72 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 552 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u061b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0641\u064a 67%\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 14%\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a 14%\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 20%\u061b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 10 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u061b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 10 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open\u060c 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Koroma P, Reji N, Burridge I, et al. \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. 45 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c 10,784 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 6.6%\u060c \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a 1.2%\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a 1.8%\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0629 2.8%\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a 0.1%. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery\u060c 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-026-06138-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Arianpour N, Khiabani K, Aberoumand H, Pourhoseini A. \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629. 20 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b 0.5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 5%\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 (neuropraxia) \u0641\u064a 80% \u0625\u0644\u0649 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a 70%\u060c \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a 10%. Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery\u060c 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40902-025-00494-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Vaccari S, Fondrini R, Ragaini E, et al. \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 5% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u061b \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. Surgery\u060c 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gupta V, Winocour J, Shi H, Shack RB, Grotting JC, Higdon KK. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 11,300 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 1.8%\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a 1.1%\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 0.3%. Aesthetic Surgery Journal\u060c 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjv162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mandelbaum M, Mordukhovich I, Vishwanath N, et al. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a. 97 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064897 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 10.7 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. Aesthetic Surgery Journal\u060c 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rees TD, Liverett DM, Guy CL. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0639\u064f\u0632\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery\u060c 1984. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006534-198406000-00009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DOI<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":51196,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1593,1759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1593","category---2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d | \u062f. \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644<\/title>\n<meta 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